Abraham Lincoln Summary

The book Abraham Lincoln, written by James M. McPherson, constitutes not only Abraham Lincoln’s life, but also his remarkable presidency. Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth president of the United States. He also was considered a peacemaker because his passion was to follow God’s law and create every man to be equal. During Lincoln’s first term of presidency in 1860-1864, he followed his passion by abolishing slavery, otherwise known as the Thirteenth Amendment. Following his first term, his second term’s goal is now known as the Fifteenth Amendment.To say the least, McPherson argues the brilliancy of Abraham Lincoln’s ideas and the colossal contribution Lincoln had regarding the United States of America. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 by Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hanks. Lincoln’s childhood was preserved, and his education was gained through many different schoolhouses since his father was on the move so much. Abe Lincoln’ s love for reading made his father’s relationship with Abe more distant.Since Lincoln did not have love for the plantations or farming, his father grew bitter towards his son’s future. Abe Lincoln’s coming of age required him to realize he was getting old. He decided to marry Mary Todd in 1842. A few years after his father died in 1851, Lincoln volunteered for the militia. This increased his interest in government and the Union. Abraham Lincoln was a Republican with Whig ideology. Lincoln succeeded in his campaign for congressmen and after that, he decided to run for president.Although his campaigns for presidency failed several times, Abraham Lincoln never gave up because he knew it was what he wanted to do. His last candidacy with Senator Douglass was a hard campaign, but Lincoln’s lead in free state votes guaranteed his election as a Republican president. This was only the beginning of a long crucial time for the North and South. The decreasing supplie s at Fort Sumter lead to the start of the American Civil War. The American Civil War was a long lasting war between the Union [northern states] and the Confederacy [southern states].The origin of this war was the quarrel issue regarding slavery. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln stated his view on the purpose of the war. Stating, â€Å"This nation could either be perished from the earth, or might live through this flexible, simple issue, which can only be tried by war† (McPherson 35). Lincoln was not fond of violence, but he knew that this is what it took for the United States to become a country of equality and righteousness. Throughout the war, Abe Lincoln had many commanders that failed him and his hope for winning the war.There was one commander that Lincoln applauded because they had the same military strategy. Ulysses S. Grant was the successful commander that led the Union multiple battles of victory. In fact, Abe Lincoln was so pleased with Grant, Lincoln granted a higher rank for Grant; making him general in chief of all Union armies. As matters bound up throughout this war Lincoln stood tall and firm on his beliefs regarding different issues. One matter rose up about slavery, this was during 1862, the time the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.The Emancipation Proclamation was essentially a document that freed slaves from Confederate territory forever. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln and his administration decided to adopt a Constitutional Amendment to abolish slavery. This is now known as the Thirteenth Amendment. Although Abe Lincoln did not live to see the issue of the Thirteenth Amendment, his presidency is the foundation of that Amendment. In November 1865, Lincoln was reelected to be president. However, that term did not last very long.In April 1866, Booth, an egotistic member of the Confederate secret service, shot Lincoln in the head. Few might say Lincoln help too much power, but others would proclaim him as a saint. J ames McPherson contends Lincoln’s phenomenal presidency and his great contribution to the United States of America. Without Lincoln, the nation might have still been divided, and segregation would be more than a controversial topic. Abraham Lincoln is a riveting book that tailgates not only Lincoln’s life, but also his fascinating presidency.

Cutting Down on Your Computer Time

Nowadays the teenagers spend most of their time on the computer. The internet can be used for relaxation, entertainment and information. Google is a very well-known site that people went to search for further knowledge. However, too much computer may lead to health problems such as backache and eye strain. Studies show that young people who spend too much time in front of computer may have social problems, less family interaction and fewer friends. Besides, they also lack of exercise and most importantly their study time has reduced. To stop wasting time on computer and start organizing time for your studies just follow these simple steps to cut down on your computer time. Firstly, keep a record of how much time u spend on your computer and see how much time u have wasted on your computer. Next, do not use the computer just because you are jobless. Find something else to do such as reading a book. Engaging with a good novel or non-fiction work is a great way to distract yourself from the day's tasks, refresh your batteries, and inspire new ideas. Then, prepare a timetable which reduces the time on your computer but more time for recreation and study. Last but not least, spend more time studying, recreation or interacting with your family. In time to come, your study time has organized and you have your new hobbies. You even have more time with your family and friends. Furthermore, u can even stay healthy and alert. Be a smart user, time is gold, do not let it waste all your time.

An Overview of MOVE and Black Lives Matter, and Their Impact in Philadelphia

An Overview of MOVE and Black Lives Matter, and Their Impact in Philadelphia Abstract The MOVE organization was a group formed for the purpose of freedom by activists who were all nature loving. The group consisted of mostly Black people in Philadelphia in the early 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s. The organization’s leader, John Africa, was silenced when the police dropped a bomb on their house on May 13, 1985. All members of the group adopted the Africa surname with its social workers preaching self-reliance, recognition of the environment and nature. The Black Lives Matter organization is also brilliant in its cry against racist police violence. The organization exploded into a wildfire that has probably engulfed the whole country today. Both the MOVE and Black Lives Matter organizations relate since the idea of black empowerment was, and is currently the motive of the social groups. A variety of academic sources such as journal articles and books describe the formation of the African empowerment group from Philadelphia as well as the Black Lives Matter group. There is sufficient evidence for the fact that both the two groups are empowering to Black culture and are essential to achieving equity in the United States of America. The Impact of MOVE on Philadelphia A. Scenes of Crime in Philadelphia after the 1985 Bombing that Targeted the MOVE Historical records indicate that there were several scenes of crime upon the formation of MOVE organization in Philadelphia. The first major crime scene was witnessed in Philadelphia when the police department dropped a bomb on the house occupied by members of the organization, using a helicopter. The bombing led to several deaths including the death of the group’s leader, John Africa. It is indicated that those who escaped, including children were shot by the police, a situation that led to a period of tension. Eventually, all the people and animals that were rescued perished. The police argued out that the MOVE organization had committed a crime by protesting against the existence of zoos and pet shops that were meant to take stray animals. Academic sources also illustrate that homeschooling and spreading the gospel of sacredness of life in the middle of a city that was too busy to listen was an offense (Coard, 2015). Evidently, it was a crime for the police department in Philadelphia to carry out shootings with claims that MOVE had empowered its members with automatic weapons for self-defense. Apparently, records show that no traces of such weapons were found in the ashes that were examined after the horrific fire. It was a worst situation in Philadelphia when children and some few adults who happened to be fleeing from the bombing site were also shot dead by the police. As reported by the fire department at the time, there were sounds of automatic fire when MOVE members were seeking for their safety after the bombing. Apparently, the incidence could have impacted the lives of other people who lived and worked in Philadelphia since there was uncertainty on when such an event could happen again. Moreover, the gunshots could have captured those who were trapped in the affected locations but were not members of the MOVE. Again, those who witnessed the inferno, as recorded in historical books, noted that bodies were being picked inside the property lines yet the people were outside the property lines of the interior of the bombed house. The movement of bodies could have been a motive by the police to seal off the crime scene during and after the inferno. B. An Atmosphere of War in Philadelphia It was unrealistic for an organization that was conscious and health minded to be bombed in the American city of Philadelphia. Despite the several infractions lobbed at the group via the courts over the past years, the MOVE had remained peaceful in the city. The bombing automatically created an atmosphere of war in the city of Philadelphia since there was the motive of revenge from the group. For instance, historical journals on the development of black movements in the United States note that the MOVE defended themselves through diatribes via loudspeakers that were attached to their rooftop (Volpe, 1989). The atmospheric war in Philadelphia was evidenced by several protests concerning the existence of zoos in the American city. Initially, the protests were peaceful since the MOVE was aiming to promote the aspect of respecting nature in the society. The protests later on turned to be violent since the police department in Philadelphia was involved. One incidence when an expectant was brutally beaten and kicked by the police is an evidence for the atmosphere of war in the city. Unfortunately, the beatings resulted in a miscarriage for the woman. Police attacks became rampant in the city, a show of lack of peace and dignity for humanity in the city. In another incidence, the police executed an attack against the MOVE members, killing a three-week-old baby. The police deliberately crushed the baby under his boots after throwing it from the mother’s arms. However, the courts never acknowledged the existence and murder of the baby, Lifa Africa, since there were no hospital records. The MOVE members had made it a trend to give birth at home, a situation that led to no records of the newborn babies being kept (Coard, 2015). The atmosphere of war had saturated the American city of Philadelphia and the black liberation movement. MOVE, for instance, felt pressured to defend themselves from the persistent police attacks that often led to deaths. The idea of defense resulted in the death of one police officer in 1978 when the police had carried out a raid of a house occupied by MOVE members. It is recorded that some MOVE members were charged in a court of law for the murder, and they were to serve life imprisonment, where some members still remain to date. The existence of the black liberation organization in Philadelphia also created an environment where justice was no longer carried out. For instance, in the case concerning the death of a police officer, evidence was overlooked yet the MOVE members were sentenced to life in prison. The composting by the MOVE in Philadelphia was seen as a sanitation problem to the city, the loudspeakers, an annoyance, and the campaign procedures a nuisance that the city officials wanted to eradicate. Moreover, the environment of war in Philadelphia led to the destruction of property in the city, a situation that was a threat the development of infrastructure in the American city. As noted, the bombing that was carried out earlier led to the destruction of city blocks and about 250 people were rendered homeless. There was also the incineration of six adults, five children as well as their animals (Wright Wagner-Pacifici, 1996). A film entitled â€Å"Let the Fire Burn† shows the chronology of years of tension between the police department in Philadelphia and the MOVE and its neighbors. The tragic ending of the tension is noted as the title of the film goes. The local authorities made a decision to let the fire during the bombing engulf the compound without intervention. The movie highlights an incident that was probably the stimulant of the fire inferno in Philadelphia. The killing of one police officer in 1978 when a confrontation between the police and the MOVE occurred unfortunately led to the imprisonment of 9 members of the MOVE. The film makes a presentation that explains the claim of the MOVE that the death of the police officer was due to a friendly fire. The MOVE later provoked the police by constructing a very intimidating, bunker-like structure on their roof, with holes to shoot out. A scene of the police carrying out massive operation aimed at removing the group from its compound is shown in the film, an indication of the intensity of the tension between the police department and the MOVE in Philadelphia (Let the Fire Burn, 2013). C. Philadelphia on a Move As quoted from John Africa, all living things on the planet are equally important. The MOVE, headed by John Africa, noted that human beings, domestic animals, wild animals, and natural resources such as rivers and lakes were equally significant and they to be taken by the authorities in the right manner. The group intended to create an atmosphere where healthy life could cycle to the next level. The vision of the MOVE was to see land, forests, rivers, and all wild nature flourishing; thus keeping Philadelphia on a move. The killings and resistance from the police, according to the group, was a true testament to the power of people who were simply rejecting a social structure. The natural world, according to the authorities in Philadelphia, could lead to disorganization in the society. In the contemporary society, freedom prevails whereby people can home-school their children, eat raw foods, and campaign for equality of human beings and not get bombed (Wright Wagner-Pacifici, 1996). Black Lives Matter The group is an up-to-the-minute movement that has apparently taken shape in the empowerment of the Blacks in the United States. The organization is a rallying cry of a new group for the police to put a stop to the violence against the African-American population. The group is sparkling in its simplicity in asserting the message that there has to be a stop in racism in the United States. The group that started as a small but fierce rebellion in a St. Loius has eventually taken a nationwide position in dealing with the issue of inequality. The social movement has been stable since even the police and democrats have been able to stop its operations. Occasionally, city authorities across the United States have accepted the challenge of business integration due to the operations by activists who promote equity in the society. In one incident, marchers in New York City repeatedly shut down most major bridges and tunnels while the police appeared to be powerless in bringing the situation t o control (Ransby, 2015). Relating MOVE and Black Lives Matter to the Idea of Black Empowerment Strong at its Beginning Shortly after the formation of the movement, it shattered what had remained a notion of the post-racial America, re-orienting the entire national conversation on anti-Black racism. The movement follows the tradition of the Black struggles in the United States whose impacts were felt more than the number of people involved in the struggles. For instance, in fighting for the empowerment of the Blacks in America, the movement uses the same criteria of protests and demonstration as was the case in the MOVE family. The MOVE cracked open the conservatism of the era that was associated by police brutality against the Blacks in Philadelphia. The impact created by the MOVE in Philadelphia was an inspiration of mass social change many decades later. Similarly, the strength of today’s Black Lives Matter movement is gauged in several ways that are comparable to the MOVE tactics in fighting racism. Militant Protests The movement Black Lives matter has been militant from its inception. The MOVE family also used military tactics to fight the police who appeared to be going against their rights for peaceful protests in the American city of Philadelphia. The peaceful protests eventually turned out to be chaotic and several deaths were reported during police operations to stop the campaigns. The current movement aimed at empowering the Blacks has been known for the recurrent city protests where activists match onto highways and disrupt traffic. The activists have in many cases linked arms across railroad tracks to stop trains, sat in public grounds to delay sporting events, and temporarily occupied shopping malls and city halls. The MOVE family fought to end racism by carrying out campaigns that were noted to be disrupting city activities by the city officials. In the modern society, the Black Lives Matter movement activists also claim that anti-Black racism is a systematic challenge to the society t hat ought to be confronted by disrupting work, business operations, traveling of commuters, and other daily operations of the US society. The disruptions are noted by the activists to be creating a sense of the intensity of the need for Black empowerment in the society (Volpe, 1989). As a matter of fact, the Black Lives Matter movement has continued to show its power and the chord that it has struck by carrying out as many Black Lives Matter protests in many cities as possible. News outlets have reported anti-Blacks protests in towns with few Blacks residents, some protests being multiracial in character. Activists have influenced students from high schools, middle school, and elementary schools across the United States to participate in the protests. Moreover, college students from campuses of all types have been captured participating in similar protests across the country. Most importantly, the activists from the Black Lives Matter movement have ensured that a day of action is organized for the medical students where a symbol of white coats for Black Lives is used nationwide. The military protests in the Black Lives Matter movement are also evidenced by its connection with other movements that support the empowerment of Black people in the United States of America. For instance, in its vision of eradicating racism in the United States, the Black Lives Matter Union has inspired the Palestine solidarity activists to participate in the protests, whereby organizations highlight the importance of police cooperation with the Israeli state. Television reports have indicated the intensity of the conflict that exists between the police and the Israeli state. Palestine solidarity activists have, therefore, been at the forefront in the anti-Black racism protests, to bring out the need for cooperation between the police and the Israeli state. Such influences were also rampant in the MOVE family, as recorded in historical books and journals. Children and women were reported to be among the people who were shot during police raids in the compounds occupied by the MOVE members, an indication of the growing influence to solve the challenge of black empowerment in the United States. The solidarity of the Black Lives Matter union has been extended beyond the United States. International news broadcasting television stations have reported the participation of activists from countries such as Hong Kong in the anti-Blacks racism protests. The activists have been noted to be matching in many occasions, with their hands up, a â€Å"don’t shoot† gesture, to show their solidarity while protesting. The internet platform has been significant in confronting the issue of police racism in the United States. The issue has caught global attention, and there have been many views that mostly tend to rebuke the ill motive of the police officers in the United States. The movement has other notable aspects of bringing out the idea of Blacks empowerment in the United States. The commitment by the Blacks Lives Matter movement has been indicated by the union’s idea of linking racism to other factors affecting the society at large. Reports indicate the movement has continually desired for the existence of a new generation of leaders who can fight Black liberation. The efforts of the union are indicated by the involvement of the women leadership and the LGBTQ community in the movement. The MOVE family also noted poor leadership in the city of Philadelphia, a factor that led to the resistance to changes that were proposed by the MOVE family. Addressing Racial Bias The Blacks Matter movement is keen on ensuring that policies and laws with disparate racial impact are revised to empower the Blacks as well in the United States. Careful data collection in police departments indicate sources of racial bias that ought to be solved as soon as possible. The movement takes a lot of time in following drug cases where the Blacks are involved. Members and supporters of the union are aware that the police have an option of transferring individuals arrested on drug and prostitution charges to social services rather than sending them deeper into the criminal justice system. Activists make follow ups on such cases to ensure fairness by the police department, on the deciding on which path to take with the Blacks who get arrested for minor offenses (Rodriguez, Geronimus, Bound Dorling, 2015) The MOVE union made similar attempts to ensure that the police provide fair trials to the Blacks who were arrested during protests. Activists who supported the MOVE were keen in making follow-ups for the Blacks cases in Philadelphia. Unfortunately, the authorities in the city were in support of the police even as they offered cruel options to the Blacks. The arrested MOVE members were often taken through the criminal justice system, where they would be sent to prison for violating the law. The Blacks Lives Matter have been vigorous in ensuring Blacks empowerment in the United States by starting up programs that ensure equality in schools and other public places where racism may be a challenge. Data reveals that several school districts have enacted new school disciplinary policies to help in reducing disparities in out-of-school suspensions and police referrals. The union has ensured that school-based arrests are cut by more than half; hence reducing cases of suspension, more so for Black students. In some schools such as the Los Angeles district school, there has been total elimination of police-issued truancy tickets and a new policy set in to replace the old rule that could trigger police racism in the school. The school currently has little reliance on its school police department. Under the new rule, it is upon the school officials to deal with students who happen to go against the schools set of rules (Ghandnoosh, 2014). The MOVE union in Philadelphia was also formed with the motive of reducing if not eradicating and revising laws with disparate racial impact. Historical records indicate that the MOVE family was not pleased with inequality in the American city of Philadelphia at the time the movement was formed. In ensuring the revision of laws with racial impact, the movement practiced home-based schooling for their children to reduce their chances of suffering inequality at school. Moreover, the union was interested in revising laws that would treat every living being in America in the same manner. Activists from the union made claims that it is the inequality in the treatment of living beings in America that promoted police racism in Philadelphia. According to the Union, the existence of zoos and other features restricting the movement of animals was a way of promoting inequality in the American society. The Blacks Lives Matter movement activists have noted, time and again that once Black people in the United States of America are arrested they are also likely to be charged more harshly than the whites. Once charged, people of color are also likely to be convicted, a situation that would see them face stiff sentences. According to the activists in the movement, it has become a trend for the police to account for relevant legal differences such as crime severity and criminal history of the Blacks who claim to be harassed by the police departments in the United States (Harris Terborg-Penn, 2006). Challenges Faced by the MOVE and Black Lives Matter in Making the Idea of Black Empowerment a Success The MOVE family was faced by several challenges even as they fought to ensure equity and respect to nature in the society. Historical records and films indicate an incident when a police officer was killed in Philadelphia as a result of the increase tension between the police department and the MOVE union. The killing of the police officer resulted in the imprisonment of nine members of the MOVE family. From the films that act the historical events, it is evident that the Black commitment was not protected by the law, another element of inequality in the American Society during the era. The police officers committed several crimes during their raid missions against the Blacks but they sealed off evidence that could be used against them in the court of law. A similar incident occurred when a police officer killed a newborn baby and an expectant mother, but the Blacks were viewed by the authorities to be the cause of the problems. The Black Lives Matter movement in the United States of America today faced a great challenge when two police officers were murdered in New York City during a protest by the movement. The movement was held responsible for the deaths as it is alleged that there was an incitement for violence in the streets even as the movement protested against police racism. After the reported deaths of police officers, it is reported that the police department has decided to threaten publicly and defy anyone who challenge its rights to carry on with systematically racist practices. The police in Philadelphia also carried on with their racist practices against the MOVE family after the incident of the murder of a police officer. The challenge of revenge has been real and extreme even as the two movements struggle to bring out the idea of equality in the society. For instance, the bombing and other scenes of crime that were executed by the police in Philadelphia came after the death of their colleague ; a sign that the police has the ill intention of proceeding with their brutality to the Blacks in the United States of America (Ghandnoosh, 2014). It can be argued that today’s movement Black Lives Matter activists have been a target for the police after the death of two police officers in the city of New York. It was reported that one unarmed Black man was shot dead by the police as he walked down the stairs in his home in Brooklyn. Several protests were witnessed as a sign that the Black Lives Matter movement had not been cowed by the police ill operations against the Blacks. Similar to the perseverance employed by the MOVE, the Black Lives Matter movement has been vigorous in its efforts to ensure Black empowerment even after the revengeful acts from the police. News headlines reported that several protests were experienced in most cities after the shooting of the Black man in his home. The protests have been ranging from small die-ins of several dozens to matches of thousands in the cities of New York, Philadelphia, where groups have blocked highways to antagonize the police. Organizations, political leaders, and lab or unions have recently joined the Black Lives Matter movement as a show of the growth of the union in its efforts to ensure the empowerment of the Blacks (Combs, 2015). Lack of clear leadership in the Blacks Lives Matter movement appears to be a major challenge in ensuring the empowerment of Blacks in the United States. Internet information indicate that Black stars love to support the message behind the Black Lives Matter movement, but many are not capable of helping in the shaping the movement to the right direction. Similar reports indicate that the Black stars only notice the clear lack of real direction and good leadership in the union. For instance, sources have it that Oprah Winfrey recently criticized anti-police brutality activists by claiming that their leadership skills have failed to articulate clear demands for their rights as it was the case in 1960 when the Civil Rights movement made precise and elaborate demands for their rights. The growing size of the Black Lives Matter union has been a major challenge since a set of clear leaders has not taken the responsibility of emerging and giving followers of the movement the right directions on what they ought to do to ensure the empowerment of the Blacks in the United States (Combs, 2015). Similarly, the MOVE family in the 1990s in Philadelphia lacked clear leadership after the death of John Africa in a bombing of the building where the group members had gathered. The lack of proper leadership in MOVE after the death of John Africa is evidenced by lack of historical quotes from other known leaders of the union. Apparently, historical records only noted down quotes from John Africa. John, at one point, stated that revolution refers to total change; a complete dissociation from everything that happens to be the cause of the problems the society is revolting. His known quotes reflected the qualities of a good leader who could come up with the required ideas in tackling daily challenges (Coard, 2015). The Black Lives Matter movement, in striving to ensure the empowerment of the Blacks in the United States, has had a focus that is too narrow to bring the dream to reality. The protests behind the Black Lives Matter have a restricted focus since they were sparked under unclear circumstances in the American history. The killing of an unarmed man was the major reason for the protests that have continued to exist. The protests carried by the MOVE also failed to focus on the deeply rooted issues at hand that impacted the Black community in Philadelphia. Conclusion The MOVE had several negative implications to the people of Philadelphia since the movement was not supported by the city authorities. The union led to a lot of tension in the American city, resulting in the displacement of many innocent residents. The war environment created by the movement in Philadelphia also led to the loss of lives even as the organization’s members strived to ensure equality in the United States. The Blacks Lives Matter movement has been significant in creating awareness on the existence of police racial discrimination in the modern society of the United States of America. The movement’s vision may be reached due to the increasing attention given to police racism; an issue of social concern.

Diffterence between Human recourse planing and Business planing Essay

Diffterence between Human recourse planing and Business planing - Essay Example Therefore, a business plan can be defined as a document which is utilised to describe the business along with its â€Å"objectives, strategies, target market and financial forecasts† (Small Business Development Corporation 2014, paragraph 2). So business planning is a strategy level activity which is most vital while starting a business or embarking on a new venture. An HR plan is oriented towards the workers of the enterprise. One of the direct concerns of HR planning is to chalk out the key industrial relationship management tactics (Planning for Staff Development: Fanning the Flame 1990). HR planning is closely related with human resource development. The process encourages talent hunt and consistent staff training, so that company or department specific highly skilled workforce can be developed. However, a business plan is based on a financier, banker, or shareholder oriented persuasive strategy (Chen, Yao, and Kotha 2009). Business plans are more elaborate. Apart from HR planning, business planning is also related to other planning processes like marketing plan development, product planning, knowledge management, investment planning, etc. Again, an HR plan is specific; it handles matters related to the staff and recruitment processes (Braham 1989). It nay also involve blueprint for staff training, payroll management, and educational programs. On the other hand, a business plan involves not only securing the staff, but also handling the investors, sponsors, suppliers, and clients (Butler 2000). So it can be deduced that the stress of HR planning lies on business tactics where short term processes like staff selection, condensed training session, database management, etc. are given highest priority. That is why strategic HR is regarded as an enhanced branch of HR planning (Planning for Staff Development: Fanning the Flame 1990). At the strategic level, complicated HR planning with long term goals must be preceded by elaborate

Analysis of Business Operations Shuzworld Inc Term Paper

Analysis of Business Operations Shuzworld Inc - Term Paper Example The three options that are available to Shuzworld are as follows: Buy new equipment for the Shanghai facility; Recondition the existing equipment at the Shanghai facility, or Outsource production to a vendor in China. The purchasing of the new equipment will definitely cost the companies a lot but that will have its own benefits in terms of its long-term usage and reliability, which is the main concern of many of the companies. The second option to use reconditioned equipment is another source through which the companies can start their business in a new location or in their headquarters. The reconditioned equipment will be available from the market at a lower cost and will give the start-up companies or the emerging companies an opportunity to start work with the lesser amount of investment. The companies will be able to follow the cost-effective measures that they have thought about and then will be able to work on the other tasks after the first task of cost management has been ef fectively done as the reconditioned equipment will be cheaper in rate. However, there will be one issue of the reliability of the machines, as they might need repairs often. This may be a major problem for an emerging company who might not have a backup plan if the main machinery gets damaged. This may cause Shuzworld to cease the production process as well. The third option in terms of using the equipment is related to outsourcing the work and operations to another contractor company. This will ease the management in a way that they will need labor that will handle operations in the work field as that responsibility will now be sole of the contractor company. The main disadvantage of using this option is that the companies might pay more for the products that they could produce themselves at their own plants at lesser costs. The decision on which option to choose will also depend on the current and forecast demand for Samba Sneakers. The buy and recondition options both have fixed cost but comparatively lower variable cost than the outsourcing option. The choice will depend on the number of Samba sneakers that Shuzworld expects to produce. Sensitivity analysis can be used to inform the decision. Sensitivity analysis is a technique that is used to determine ‘how the variation in the output of a model can be apportioned to different sources of variation’ and how a given model will be influenced by information fed into it.  

How media affects to private life Research Paper

How media affects to private life - Research Paper Example Similarly, Baym has pointed out in yet another example that â€Å"all of this happens in a cultural moment when individualism is increasingly defined through consumerist practices of purchasing mass mediated and branded products† (5). The above discussed two examples are cited as they are highly representative of the effects that media have on private life. The characteristics of new media technologies to enter the personal realm has been going on increasing in scope and strength. For example, earlier television technology was one-way only thereby keeping the role of the viewer limited to being a passive spectator. But when live television broadcasts became technologically possible, the viewer could talk back, but also had to partially open up his/her personal space to the media. Later when online communication technologies emerged, this feature of enabling two-way communication got strengthened (Baym, 7). One consequence of such highly interactive media has been the creation of a â€Å"sense of placelessness† (Baym, 8). People communicating from very distant places would have a feeling that they were close geographically. Another aspect of this phenomenon is that people have less access to the other person's physical details like location or activity, while communicating (baym, 9). All these and many other changes in media interaction can bring about many corresponding changes in the private lfe as well. Invasion of privacy is a much talked about aspect of media and this is especially the case when it comes to individuals with celebrity status. When princess Diana died in a car crash after being pursued by the paparazzi, a heatd debate had emerged on this topic. It was the advent of new media technologies that made paparazzis possible (Cashmore, 8). It is observed that technology enabled paparazzi â€Å"not just to peer but to examine andd scrutinize in forensic detail†, the personal lives of celebrities (Cashmore, 8). Another impact is th e information in high volumes and in different modes can be transmitted over long distances and in very little time which further made possible the intrusion of media into the private lives of celebrities (Cashmore, 8). For example, Rupert Murdoch could telecast through his satellite telvision network, any sensational celebrity news, all over the world within no time (Cashmore, 9). The constant search for new content in a world of high media competition also enhanced the invasion of personal spaces (Cashmore, 9). Cashmore has cited the example of Madonna who realized the potential of media to encash the personal, and worked with the media on this to gain from it (11). The scandalous indiscretionary behavior of Elizabeth taylor with Richard Burton was caught on camera by a paperazzi through the use of a telephoto lens (Cashmore, 16). This is a very good example of media, with its very inherent nature, affecting private life. Once the technology of a telephoto lens and what it could d o became known to all, the celebrities also learned to behave in certain ways in order to cheat its eyes. Now a celebrity person has to make a limited choice (limited again by what is technologically possible) of making a part of his/her private matters public through the media but all the same keep a balance to avoid over exposure. The media celebrity culture makes a seemingly just demand on all celebrities to exercise this choice either consciously or unconsciously. If they fail to attain a balance

An Introduction to Entrepreneurship Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

An Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Coursework Example Understanding the different aspects which are a part of the entrepreneurial behaviors and expectations defines the associations and roles that pertain to business with the individual. Skills, Abilities and Behaviors The generalized concept of being an entrepreneur is based on working independently while moving into business endeavors. However, the business ventures which are created differ from other forms of business. The first difference is noted with an enterprise, which is created through a board of directors or sector of leaders with a hierarchical expectation that is established. While this particular venture may have been established by an entrepreneur, it is expected that the team collaboration and hierarchy separates the individual behaviors from the group modifications which take place. The intrapreneur is another form of leadership which many attribute to the same concept. While there are several similar skills in terms of leadership, this differs because the position is u sually based on management as opposed to starting a new venture without the use of a corporation or other entity. The entrepreneur is then defined as one which differs because of the independent nature and the characteristics of leadership used for innovation and creativity outside of other types of business ventures (Ucbasaran, Westhead, Wright, 2009: p. 99). The main difference in character with entrepreneurs is what leads to the different skills, abilities and behaviors among these business leaders. There are five known personal characteristics which create a difference between entrepreneurs and other types of leaders. This includes being open to experience, being conscious and aware of surroundings, being flexible, being agreeable and carrying a vision based on these determinants. The concept that is associated with these skills is reflective of the psychological expectations that lead to leadership skills, innovation and the ability to create and portray different ideologies in relation to the surrounding environment (Zhao, Seibert, 2006: p. 259). These psychological behaviors then lead to expectations of skills and abilities. Creativity, capability to find opportunities and performing several tasks are some of the skills expected. Entrepreneurs are known for switching skills easily while a business grows while moving in between positions and working with initiatives while creating the necessary ventures (Silva, 2007: p. 118). Creative Thinking The ability to work with leadership skills, behaviors that initiate new ventures and skills that are able to move between various positions then leads to the concepts of creative thinking which are developed by entrepreneurs. The structure that is developed with entrepreneurs is based on the intention of an individual first. This is what initiates the endeavor and allows the entrepreneur to grow, either in response to the environment or because of a vision that is related to the entrepreneur. This is combined with creative thinking to lead to the initiative of the new idea and to find ways to construct the idea into a reality. The creative thinking is furthered by evaluating the business idea to define the probability of success as well as looking into solutions that will help to launch the business into a successful endeavor. The personality of the

The Africaness of Ancient Egyptian Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Africaness of Ancient Egyptian Art - Essay Example Egypt and the African civilizations surrounding came into closer contact largely through political domination and trade. Egypt built some of its strongest ties with Nubia, located in what is now Southern Egypt and Northern Sudan. Nubia was home to one of the earliest black civilizations, dating back to 3100 b.c. It was also rich in gold, ebony and ivory and would contribute greatly to Egyptian wealth. Egypt's relations with Nubia from 1950 b.c to 1100 b.c. have been noted as being one largely of domination. During this time period Nubia adopted many aspects of Egyptian culture, such as the hieroglyphic writing system and the worship of Egyptian gods, although in many respects they adapted them to their own practices and rituals. In recent years the discovery near Thebes of a tomb dating back to 1575 b.c has led to renewed interest on the nature of relations between the two nations. The finding consists of 22 lines of hieroglyphics, which describe the invasion of the Sudanese Kingdom of Kush in Egypt. Mamdouh El-Damadi, the director general of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo emphasized the importance of the inscription in understanding Kushite ambitions in Egypt (El-Ahram, p. 10). Some eight hundred years later the Kushites would be called upon to save Thebes from Northern invasion, an alliance that would result in the rule of Egypt and Nubia of Kushite kings. While historians have often portrayed Egypt's relationship with the African continent as that of dominator and dominated an examination of Egyptian artwork shows us that, indeed, it is far more complex. Ancient Egyptian artwork was dominated by a strict set of rules, or a code, if you like. This code was called Frontalism and its most noticeable features were the human figure shown rigid with its head and legs turned to the side, but with its eyes and body forward facing. Despite the severity of the figure's stance their facial features are described as serene. Another aspect of Ancient Egyptian art is its continuity over a three thousand year old time span. Lisa Kremen notes that one of the most noticeable aspects of Egyptian culture was its "ability to preserve the past and prevail with relatively little change" (www.bergen.org). As far back as early life in the Sahara we can see influences that would later be present in Egyptian Art. The Tassili cave paintings provide us with information about early life in the Sahara, before the desert began to dry and populations moved towards the Nile. Abimbola Asojo claims, "contemporary historians have stressed the influences of Saharan art and engravings on Ancient Egyptian art. Some of these scholars believe Ancient Egyptian art borrowed heavily from Sahara art which preceded and ran parallel to the Egyptian form (p. 129)." Many of the figures in the paintings show aspects of Frontalism, with the figures rigid in posture and the heads and legs in profile (see image 1). Of additional interest is the similarity between the depiction of human figures at Tassili and those of the Amarna period (see image 2). Differentiating from previous periods in Ancient Egyptian art Amarna art "resides in the physical appearance of Akhenaton, his wife and his daughters. Their elongate craniums, drooping features, long necks, pot bellies, large hips and

DB 1 Your thoughts Al Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 1 Your thoughts Al - Assignment Example They would be in step with the times, bringing brand new ideas, creating innovations and developing companies they would work with. People of generation Y or Millennials are the most connected generation in history with the ability and want to face new challenges, have a strong will to mean something to the world and are ready for the constant development of themselves and the environment they live in. They know what they worth, because of the right skill set; they are aware of how much others are paid for doing the same job. And they know how much they need to live. That is why the question of salary is important to them, it is their best motivator. However, most of Millennials do not negotiate about the salary, preferring to find out all necessary information from the Internet, rather than from the employer. This is one of the sides for improvement, especially of those, who know what they are worth. Millennials pay much attention to the meaningful of the work they perform. They con sider themselves the driving force of many of the processes around them and want to be an important part of something bigger. Together with the positive relationship with co-workers such a driving force is one of the keys to the creation of something new and innovative. Flexibility of hours and the possibility to work in teams, making friends with people at work, creates for Millennials unique opportunities for development and moves them up in their wants. For companies, ensuring Millennials with good salaries, learning opportunities, respectful attitude to their ideas, more responsibilities and balancing of work and life spheres will make people of generation Y work at their best for the benefit of themselves and the company. Mooney, J., 2014. Pay Is Millennials’ Top Job Concern, Survey Says, Society for human resource management, Available from

Business Cloud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Cloud - Essay Example For instance, information of an organization needs to be protected and is the ultimate responsibility of the board of director for which they are also liable. Likewise, transferring information on the cloud determines that it is not managed by the organization anymore and any consequence or a breach of data occurring on the vendor side will be a prime threat to the organization. Therefore, information security is the part of due care and due diligence that is derived from the responsible employees of the organization. Cloud Deployment Models It is the prime responsibility of the ‘Business Cloud’ to protect intellectual property and confidential information that may be related to customer personal information, trade secrets, patents etc. Breach of any one of these classified information types can result in a permanent loss of business and ultimately bankruptcy that may result in legal and regulatory compliance. Likewise, before making any strategy for transferring critica l applications to the cloud, it is important to analyze deployment and service models of cloud computing. The correct choice needs to be made in order to align business requirements to the correct deployment and service model without any unnecessary risk. ‘Business Cloud’ will select the best possible cloud computing deployment method as per their business requirements and compatibility factors. Below are the four deployment methods are available for selection: Private Cloud The private cloud is also referred as a neologism. However, the concept of this term out dates cloud computing by 40 years. Private clouds are recommended for organization requiring advanced security and privacy measures. The private cloud is administered exclusively for only a single organization, in order to maintain strict level of security (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Community Cloud As compared to a private cloud, the community cloud is shared among many organizations having identical business requirements. Moreover, the required infrastructure is shared among all the organization that is connected to the cloud saving the cost and demonstrates one of the advantages of cloud computing (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Public Cloud Public computing is a traditional approach where the resources are accessible on the Internet. Third party providers, known as the cloud vendors, organize the hosting for these resources on the Internet. The services and resources on this cloud are accessible to the public and groups of various industries (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Hybrid Cloud A hybrid cloud comprises of a mixture of all types of clouds i.e. public, private and community. Most organizations deploy this type of cloud as it provides a range of options in the context of accessibility. By incorporating hybrid clouds, issues such as PCI compliance can be eliminated (, Cloud Deployment Models ). Cloud Computing Service Models Cloud computing consists of applications that are represent ed as a service on the web and the provision of hardware / software services provided by companies operating data centers. Likewise, the services provided over the Internet are referred as (Software as a Service) ‘SaaS’. There are few sellers who use the term (Infrastructure as a

Healthy fear Essay Example for Free

Healthy fear Essay Fear is a feeling; it is a reaction to something we are frightened of, a natural instinct when faced with something we feel may endanger us. However, fear can be healthy and/or unhealthy; for instance, being afraid of spiders is slightly unhealthy as they can not actually do any harm but if a person is afraid of developing cancer and as a result of this they stop smoking, this is a healthy fear. In biological terms, when any fear is experienced, certain areas of the brain such as the amygdala and the hypothalamus are activated which control the initial, physical response to fear. Chemicals such as adrenaline and the stress hormone cortisol are then released into the blood stream causing certain physical reactions such as; a rapid heart rate, increased blood pressure, tightening of muscles, sharpened or redirected senses, dilation of the pupils (to let in more light) and/or increased sweating. (Native Remedies) Having a phobia is a fear of something. Whatever this phobia may be, it creates a feeling of fear and causes irrational and sometimes inexplainable behavior. Being afraid of confined spaces can cause some people to avoid travelling in elevators at all costs, others who are are fearful of flying may never travel abroad. There are fears in everyone, a fear of growing old or a fear of dying is possibly an unhealthy fear as ageing and death comes to us all. Fear can present itself when feeling nervous about something, perhaps before an important occasion or a speech in front of people; there may be a fear of forgetting what to say or a fear of embarrassing oneself. Apprehension is fear and sometimes an apprehensive manner is due to the unknown, expecting something bad will happen creates a sense of apprehension. Anxiety is also fear, having experienced something that created dissatisfaction or dislike, there can be a fear in this feeling recurring, therefore an anxious fear is felt. In some people anxiety can control their lives and medication is necessary, normal worries and healthy fear are less likely to make you feel this way. Fear in children is slightly different to fear in adults. As they are unable to rationalize and compare their fears to anything other than the way they feel, a child feels an actual threat by what they are in fear of, sometimes this can cause inconsolable behavior, only rationalized when they are able to understand they are not in any real danger. Fear can be controlled by the mind. It is the brain that gives the message of something to be afraid of; if that fear is an irrational fear (spiders), then it is possible to overcome this fear by thinking logically. Unless you are faced with a wild tarantula, the tiny spider can do no harm. By telling yourself that the spider is more fearful of humans may put your fear in its place. Fear is completely normal and is a useful tool when recognizing and distinguishing danger; how we respond is according to our fear.

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits Essay Example for Free

Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits Essay As you may know there are two types of pension plans that are most commonly used: a defined contribution plan and a defined benefit plan. â€Å"A defined contribution plan sets forth a certain amount that the employer is to contribute to the plan each period (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). â€Å"A defined benefit plan specifies the amount of pension benefits to be paid out to plan recipients in the future. Companies that use this plan must make sufficient contributions to the funding agency in order to meet benefit requirements when they come due† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). The defined contribution plan makes no promises on what the ultimate benefits are to be paid. â€Å"The benefits received by the recipients are determined by the return earned on the invested pension funds during the investment period† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). When you account for this plan the risk for future benefit is the employee and the employer’s only cash outflow is the annual contribution to the pension plan fund. â€Å"The pension expense is equal to the amount of promised annual contribution†(Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). The financial statements should disclose the plan, what groups are covered, the basis for determining contributions, and any significant matters affecting comparability from period to period (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). Accounting for the defined benefit plan is more complex. â€Å"The pension benefits to be received in the future are affected by uncertain variables such as turnover, mortality, length of employee service, compensation levels, and earnings on the pension fund assets† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). The risks lie with the employers because they must make large enough contributions to meet what was promised and the amount of pension expense may not be equal to the cash contributed to the plan (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). Employers are also required to disclose the following information if they chose to use the defined benefit plan: â€Å"1. A description of the plan, including employee groups covered, type of benefit formula, funding policy, types of assets held, significant matters affecting comparability or information for all periods presented, 2. The amount of net periodic pension cost for the period showing separately the service cost component, the interest cost component, the actual return on assets for the period, and the net total of other components, 3.  A schedule reconciling the funded status of the plan with amounts reported in the employer’s statement of financial position† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). APB Opinion No. 8 states that there are some basic problems with the accounting for the defined benefit pension plan. The problems identified are: â€Å"1. Measuring the total amount of cost associated with a pension plan, 2. Allocating the total pension costs to the proper accounting periods, 3. Providing the cash to fund the pension plan, and 4.  Disclosing the significant aspects of the pension plan on the financial statements† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). SFAS No. 87 â€Å"Employers’ Accounting for Pensions† maintains that pension information should be prepared on the accrual basis and retained three fundamental aspects of past pension accounting: 1. delaying recognition of certain events, 2. Reporting net cost, and 3. offsetting assets and liabilities† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). The components of pension costs reflect different aspects of the benefits earned by employees and the method of financing those benefits by the employer. The following are required to be included in the net pension cost recognized by the employer sponsoring a defined benefits pension plan: 1. Service cost, 2. Interest cost, 3. Return on plan assets, 4. Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost, 5. Amortization of gains and losses, 6. Amortization of the unrecognized net obligation or unrecognized net asset at the date of the initial application of SFAS No. 7† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). There are other postretirement benefits that are addressed in SFAS No. 106 â€Å"Employers’ Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other than Pensions. † SFAS No. 106 deals with other postretirement benefits other than pensions which includes a variety: tuition assistance, day care, legal services, and housing subsidies, the most significant are retiree health care services, and life insurance. Although on the surface OPRBs are similar to defined benefit pension plans that have characteristics that necessitate different accounting considerations and that have been the source of considerable controversy: future cash outlays for OPRBs depend on the amount of serves that the employees will eventually receive, additional OPRBs cannot be accumulated by employees OPRB with each year of service, OPRBs do not vest† (Schroeder, Clark, Cathey, Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits, 2011). As noted the two most frequent pension plans are the defined contribution plan and the defined benefit plan. However, APB Opinion No. 8 has identified that there are some basic problems with the accounting for the defined benefit pension plan. There are also other postretirement benefits that include retiree healthcare benefits and life insurance.

Singapore tourism vulnerable to climate change

Singapore tourism vulnerable to climate change Conclusion The overall aim of this research is to understand the ways in which tourism in Singapore is vulnerable to climate change. Predicting climate change is complex but even more complex is predicting how people will respond to that change (Perry, 2005, 94). Therefore, tourists, who are major players in this tourism business, are exceptionally crucial. This study employs tourists perceptions and opinions as well as statistical data from government sources in understanding how tourism in Singapore may be affected under predicted climate change scenarios in the coming decades. Three research objectives were developed for addressing this aim as mentioned in the introduction. In this concluding chapter, summary of the results for each of these objectives would be highlighted. Objective one: To document the nature climate as a resource for tourism in Singapore Atmospheric weather conditions may impact tourist demand, participation, experiences and satisfaction (de Freitas, 2003; Yu et al, 2009). Singapores â€Å"hot and sunny† weather condition and all-year-round sunshine acts as a huge impetus attracting tourists. The significance of climate among other factors was revealed in the survey and confirmed the findings by Hamilton, et al (2005) that weather and climate can act as both push and pull factors. Despite acknowledging that climate is an important resource for tourism in Singapore, this study made an interesting finding that weather did not prove to be the ultimate choice affecting tourists decision to Sentosa. Attractions in the destination was consistently ranked first when respondents were asked the importance of factors relevant to their visit to a country for tourism as well as the most important factor affecting their decision in visiting Sentosa. With attractions being the most important factor affecting tourists choice to Sentosa, there is high possibility that Sentosa may be chosen in spite of the likely bad weather. Tourists indicate that they would likely substitute beach tourism for other activities such as indoor sightseeing attractions within Sentosa which are not weather dependent. Hence visitation to Sentosa is unlikely to be affected because of the diverse types of attractions Sentosa provides. This indirectly points to a bigger picture that for destinations attracting mostly day visitors, climate change may have smaller implications, since potential visitors are more likely to change plans or adapt to the on-site weather conditions (Aylen et al., 2005). Objective two: To estimate future effects and risks on the tourism sector under direct predicted climate change scenarios The tourism sector in Singapore generates more than S$12 billion in tourism receipts yearly and employs about 60% of the workforce in Singapore (MOM, 2009; MTI, 2009). Given the increasing importance of the tourism industry to the economy, it is critical to understand the implications of climate change for the industry. Climate change has the potential modify tourist demand and travel patterns (Scott et al., 2004). Although climate change may bring about new opportunities for some countries, Singapore would most likely be faced with more challenges. Firstly, with global warming, Singapore may become too hot and humid for comfort. Secondly, with the climate of other regions and countries changing for the better, the need for a winter escape to warm climate countries diminishes. In addition, the study investigated the reactions of tourists behaviour to the possible direct impact of climate change that might most probably impact Singapore in the coming years. Increasing rainfall days would most likely result in a decrease in days of stay with tourists indicating that they would still choose to come to Singapore but avoiding that heavy rainfall periods. On the other hand, in the case of an increase in temperature or rainfall events which are highly unpredictable, it seems that tourists would more likely accept and plan their activities to suit these random weather conditions. These fairly negative results demonstrate the need for the sector to look into ways that can improve the attractiveness and competitiveness of Singapore as a tourist destination. Studies have shown that tourists are capable of adapting and changing their travel behaviours when facing uncertainties and unexpected factors. Stewart Vogt (1999) suggest that tourism plans often were changed, especially regarding on-site activities. Therefore, what is most important is the initial motivation of attracting tourists to Singapore. Singapore must prove herself as a worthy destination with many alternative activities that is available for visitors facing extreme hot weather or sudden rainfall due to the changing climate. With Singapores tourism industry being highly diversified without favouring any particular type of tourism, there is a balance of both indoor and outdoor attractions to provide visitors satisfactory tourism experiences even under uncertain weather conditions. In addition, statistics show that shopping, is one of the main motives of tourists coming to Singapore as well as a high revenue earning sector, with Orchard Road being the most visited site in Singapore. Thus, if shopping which is non-weather dependent, is one of the main attractions motivating tourists to Singapore, it seem possible that climate change may have little impact in changing tourists minds about visiting Singapore. Objective three: To discuss mitigation policies employed or suggested by the UNWTO access the consequences of employing these strategies in Singapore Two mitigation strategies are reviewed: encouraging short-haul destinations and market climate policy instruments which includes taxation. Singapore is a small island state with only the Southeast Asian region being within its short-haul destination. Thus, promoting short-haul destination as a mitigation strategy may lead to detrimental economic consequences for Singapore as a result of vast lost of a significant potential share of tourists. Between the two strategies reviewed, the latter seems to be a more desirable. This is reflected in 75% of respondents expressing willingness to increase their spending on green facilities which includes fuel efficient aeroplane. They believe that it is their social and environmental responsibility to spend a little more for the sake of the environment. Although mitigation strategies for the tourism industry may not be welcomed by both tourism operators and tourists as they are likely to result in an increase in cost of travel or inconvenience, thus reducing competitiveness, they are deemed essential. Unlike natural disasters or terrorist attacks, climate change is not just a short-term effect that could then be quickly forgotten. As King concludes aptly â€Å"In my view, climate change is the most severe problem we are facing today, more serious even than the threat of terrorism† (2004: 176). Therefore, the need for mitigation strategies in Singapore to reduce the trend of future climate change impacts is a pressing necessity.

Complexity Of Society :: essays research papers

Complexitiy of Society Showing their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a male dominated position. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the house, the window, and the wallpaper which encourages her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. It represents a prison in which she is trapped. She declares it is "haunted" and that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especially what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feelings that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Her first impression of the house almost tells you that the narrator knows of the upcoming transformation that will take place in the house while she is there. The barred window in the bedroom, is a specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes her trapped feeling in the house. Traditionally a window symbolizes the felling of a view of possibilities, but now it is a view of things she doesn't want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and could have. But closer to the end she says "I dont like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast"(Gilman 205). She knows she has to hide or she too will have to creep in order to be part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a reflection of herself. "Most women do not creep by daylight," means that they need to hide in the shadows; they try to move without being seen (Gilman 203).The window no longer holds as a gateway for her because of the bars holding her into her place in society. She will be controlled by man and will not be allowed to express her self. She will be forced to creep. The most important symbol in all of "The Yellow Wallpaper" is the wallpaper itself which plays a double role. Complexity Of Society :: essays research papers Complexitiy of Society Showing their role in society, women in literature are often portrayed in a male dominated position. Especially in the nineteenth century, women were repressed and controlled by their husbands as well as other male influences. In "The Yellow Wallpaper", by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist is oppressed and represents the effect of the oppression of women in society. This effect is created by the use of complex symbols such as the house, the window, and the wallpaper which encourages her oppression as well as her self expression. It is customary to find the symbol of the house as representing a secure place for a woman's transformation and her release of self expression. However, in this story, the house is not her own and she does not want to be in it. It represents a prison in which she is trapped. She declares it is "haunted" and that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Although she acknowledges the beauty of the house and especially what surrounds it, she constantly goes back to her feelings that "there is something strange about the house"(Gilman 195). Her first impression of the house almost tells you that the narrator knows of the upcoming transformation that will take place in the house while she is there. The barred window in the bedroom, is a specific characteristic of the house that symbolizes her trapped feeling in the house. Traditionally a window symbolizes the felling of a view of possibilities, but now it is a view of things she doesn't want to see. Through it she sees all that she could be and could have. But closer to the end she says "I dont like to look out of the windows even - there are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast"(Gilman 205). She knows she has to hide or she too will have to creep in order to be part of society and she does not want to see all the other women who have to do the same because she knows they are a reflection of herself. "Most women do not creep by daylight," means that they need to hide in the shadows; they try to move without being seen (Gilman 203).The window no longer holds as a gateway for her because of the bars holding her into her place in society. She will be controlled by man and will not be allowed to express her self. She will be forced to creep. The most important symbol in all of "The Yellow Wallpaper" is the wallpaper itself which plays a double role.

Col. Tom Parker :: essays research papers

PARKER, who gave up smoking his trademark big Cuban cigars in 1990, had a meteoric rise from being a hobo in the late 1920s to a top show business manager. Tom Parker was born on June 26, 1909 in Breda, The Netherlands to Adam and Maria VanKuijk who named their fifth child Andreas Cornelius VanKuijk. As a young man Parker immigrated to the United States where he worked on carnivals and served four years in the United States Army. After his discharge from the army he went back to carnival life. In late 1939 and early 1940 he became the manager of Gene Austin and traveled with Gene's "Models & Melodies" show. In late 1940 he became Field Director of the Tampa Humane Society, a position he held for three years. Tom Parker left the Humane Society to go back into the entertainment field, booking country acts. In 1944 he became the manager of Eddy Arnold and by November 1947 Eddy had been #1 on the country charts for 53 weeks. When Tom Parker and Eddy Arnold went their separate ways, Tom began booking Hank Snow and in January 1955 became his personal manager. Colonel (as he was now called, having been given an honorary title of "colonel" by several southern governors) began booking Elvis Presley as an opening act on the Hank Snow appearances. In October 1955 as Elvis' special advisor (Bob Neal was still managing Elvis), Colonel negotiated a recording contract with RCA Victor for Elvis. It should be noted that it was, at that time, the custom for the A&R people to choose the songs for an artist to record. However Colonel insisted that Elvis choose his own songs. Today it is common practice for the artist to choose their own material. . . .but Elvis was the first. In 1956 Colonel became Elvis' personal manager. By the end of their first year together the WALL STREET JOURNAL reported that since Colonel began marketing Elvis merchandise, they had grossed some $22 million in sales. Elvis records and albums were selling in the millions. Together they made history. After reading a newspaper story pleading for support for the Arizona Memorial fund, Colonel talked with Elvis and they decided to offer a benefit concert to raise funds to finish the memorial which honored those who lost their lives during the devastating surprise attack on the military installations at Pearl Harbor. In March 1961 the concert took place and nearly $100,000 was raised.

Wind Power Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Wind Power Energy production causes more pollution than any other industry in the country. Currently, nearly all of the electricity produced in the United States is generated by fossil fuel plants, nuclear plants, and hydroelectric plants. The build-up in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels now threatens far-reaching climate change. In addition to global warming, conventional methods of electricity generation release the gases responsible for acid rain, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. In order to prevent further degradation of our environment and successfully transition to a sustainable society, we must change our current patterns of production and consumption. Conservation and switching to renewable sources of energy, such as wind power, are crucial steps to achieving this goal of sustainability. Wind power alone has the potential to meet 20 percent or more of the world's electricity needs within the next four to five years, (J ohansson, 157). Wind power, however, is still a developing technology, and is therefore far from reaching its full potential. How Wind Machines Work: Wind is the product of sunlight heating the surface of the Earth unevenly. Warmer air rises and cooler air tumbles in to replace it, causing everything from gentle breezes to raging tornadoes. Whatever the amount of power in the wind, it can be harnessed by a machine called a wind turbine. The most common type of wind turbine has a horizontal axis, with two or more aerodynamic blades mounted on the horizontal shaft, (AccessScience, "Types of Wind Machines"). As the wind passes over a turbine's blade, pressure forms on the downwind side, thrusting it upward like a propeller. In these... ... state's consumers the choice of who supplies their electric power and how that power is produced. With the implementation of at least some of these changes, wind power will eventually become a clean source of energy that all people can afford to rely on. Â   Sources: AccessScience.com. keyword: "Wind Power." Carley, Sanya, Sierra Curtis-McLane, and Galen O'Toole. "Renewable Energy at Swarthmore." April 15, 2001. Jacobson, Mark Z. and Gilbert M. Masters. "Exploiting Wind Versus Coal." www.sciencemag.org. August 24, 2001 Johansson, Thomas B. Renewable Energy: Sources for Fuels and Electricity. Island Press, Washington D.C., 1993. Raabe, Steve and Joey Bunch. "Advocates Say Wind Power Progressing from Novelty to Mainstream Practicality." The Denver Post Knight Ridder/Tribune Business News. April 20, 2003. www.newwindenergy.com www.pennfuture.org

Teen Pregnancy Informative Speech Essay

Did you ever have a doll when you were younger, that you would play with and pretend was your own, real baby? Did your sister ever make you play house with her, starring as the daddy, taking care of all sorts of children and pets? Life examples like these are proof that at a small age, we intend to become nurturers. But who wants to wake up every day with the pressure of going to school, going to work, and taking care of children? Though many of you sitting here are already parents and face similar responsibilities. Never as teenagers, do we sit and daydream about being pregnant or becoming parents in high school. All we want to dream about is moving far away from our families, living on our own, and making a lot of money doing it. But does reality ever match the dream? Are teens ever faced with the fact that their â€Å"perfect plan† might take a small detour? Today we’ll all come to the realization that teen pregnancy happens, it’s real, and is growing every day. There are many factors that contribute to teen pregnancy such as peer pressure to have sex, absent parents, and also the glamorization of pregnancy the media gives it. Peer pressure is always tough to deal with, especially when it comes to sex. Many teenagers fall in to peer pressure due to making friends or fitting in with their peers. According to LIVESTRONG.COM many teens have sex to seem mature, sophisticated and cool, but in some cases the end result is an unplanned teen pregnancy. The Kaiser Family Foundation states that more than 29 percent of pregnant teens reported that they felt pressured to have sex, and 33 percent of pregnant teens stated that they felt that they were not ready for a sexual relationship, but proceeded anyway because they feared ridicule or rejection. Others feel pressured by the person they are dating. Still others find it easier to give in and have sex than to try to explain why not. Some teenagers get caught up in the romantic feelings and believe having sex is the best way they can prove their love. Work Cited Page Langham, R. Y., Ph.D. â€Å"What Are the Causes of Teenage Pregnancy?† LIVESTRONG.COM. LIVESTRONG.COM, 13 Apr. 2015.Web. 05 July 2015.

Conditions according to John Casey impact on Police Practice and Community Policing Essay

Critically examine the conditions, which harmonize to author ass Casey uphold both corroboratoryly and prejudicially on the constabulary force coiffure required to implement a participation policing outline There atomic estimate 18 a mutation of conditions fit to John Casey that feign both verificatoryly and negatively on natural law practice and on residential ara policing strategies. or so impacts on these strategies argon the slips of dashl law practices such(prenominal)(prenominal) as democratic Anglo-peelian, Continental, evolution, and authoritarian regimes.Other conditions that impact on patrol practice and companionship policing strategies such as republic stability, union cohesion, pay rates of patrol force, give deep down the fellowship and law of nature, political agenda, resources for the police and core for re knead and mevery more than. Some of the about slow identified negative impacts that Casey (2010) expresses is the pagan min orities in communities and the negative impacts that he explains reflected inside these situations.Reinforcing these conditions and helping to express Caseys (2010) theorys of impacts on police practice and participation policing is Skolnick and Bayley, (1988) in Theme and regeneration in friendship Policing as well as the Ontario Ministry Of Children And youthfulness Services, (2010) in company Policing Strategies, Cordner (1995) in Community policing elements and effects and analogously Tyler (2005) with Policing in shameful and blanched Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. A combination of Casey and these separate authors provoke help to explain and identify the despotic and negative conditions that impact on police practice and implementation of a connection policing strategy.Before looking at various(prenominal) conditions that positively and negatively impact straightaway on police practice and companionship policing, the main models of policing such as Anglo-peelian, continental, ariseing and authoritarian throw away shaped the certain conditions. According to Casey (2010), Skolnick and Bayley, (1988) as well as the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth services (2010) there is no one true meaning as to what alliance policing is as the meaning changes from floriculture and geographical location. In the past consort to Cordner (1995), the idea of society policing was considered to be save an aspiration, and non an operational theory, which is take over valid in approximately countries that argon still developing.To this day though the construct of residential district of interests found policing bottomland fundamentally be defined as on the job(p) with a fellowship, engage with it and co-operate together for the get ahead of both the community ( in any case known as the geographic residents of an ara) and the police (Casey 2010). Casey (2010) argues how the idea and concept of community p olicing is now a global aspiration or goal for most(prenominal) countries in their policing practices, but it is important to recognise that the meaning is distinct for each country and may not be evenly used throughout. Development is still undergoing (Cordner 1995), but community policing is very much supple now (Casey 2010).Anglo-Peelian (also known as democratic) mode is one of the main policing models in westerly societies. The advantages that Casey (2010) explains are the impelling response of police, conk out methods of preventing crime, more effective work and nurture by working with communities, making the citizen fundamental is paramount in this model of policing. It is also effective as it shag easily balance community welfare and the sign crime prevention roles and actions that the police undertake.In contrast to this approach, the continental policing model is similar to an extent. This can be seen from the basic principles for the ratiocination of need f or the introduction of community policing, (even though the continental community policing scrape ups under a different name known as neighborhood policing (Casey 2010).The primary difference can be seen indoors the policing practice, for mannequin, the continental policing practice such as in France, focuses on being more present in the community and operating in the community, as oppose to actually working with the community such as in the Anglo-peelian model. some other difference between these two policing models is that with the continental model accord to Casey (2010), focuses more to begin with on actual geographical locations, more central policing practice and state cerebrate on militarized policing rather than fierceness on ethnic and racial minorities and communities such as the Anglo-peelian model.Developing countries are hold in as they dont corroborate the growing and stable economy or community to generally maintain an effective community policing strategy. Majority of the police in developing countries are highly subvert as a solving of inadequacy of morale, low pay, corruption and many other reasons. Countries still developing their communities within them are self-policing and governing rather than police governing. Skolnick and Bayley (1988) dialect the limitations that models such as for developing countries may face as a result of pretermit of funds and resources to effectively get up better the police standard and community policing. eventually the last policing model, the authoritarian practice according to Casey (2010) is said to be actually travel away from the general attempts to implement community policing in society such as within china (Skolnick and Bayley 1988). Community base policing encourages the cooperation of police and residents within communities. Without trust and co-operation such as found within the exigent authoritarian model, there is a lack of information of crimes, possible minorities may form in retaliation of the policing strategies, and individuals may source to feel marginalised as well. There are positives and negatives found within all these different types of policing practices.There are a number of conditions that are concern and determine the potential of policing practice and community policing. There are both positive and negative impacts of these conditions. Some general conditions according to Casey (2010) revolve nearly the stability of the community and the co-operation and cohesion of this community.For the concept of community policing to work, there must be a sense of stability within the community, trust with the police, popular opinion of the community that the police are generally interested in the benefit of the community (Ontario Ministry Of Children And Youth Services, 2010), the belief and will of the country and community political commitment to help reform and bear a better form of caoutchouc and cohesion of the community for its own benefit . some other concept that is argued again is the resources of the police and brass in different countries that allow the go of these policing practices being undertaken.For example, in developing countries, there are not usually any resources to apply these policing practices. Therefore also collect to these different conditions within this country such as South Africa for example, there wint be a positive effect of community based policing strategy because of culture and other impacts on the type of communities and the running of the country will not allow for the community policing as opposed to other western countries such as how well it would benefit Australia.Other conditions that Casey (2010) also expresses that impact on the implementation of community policing, such as the connection and networks of the community with itself, the police and also other internationalist organizations which is fundamental in positive precaution of community policing and the practice worl dwide. These conditions are greatly influential and impact on the positive or negative effects of community policing and policing practice globally.To further examine these impacts and conditions an example where all these conditions interplay with the policing practice and community policing can be seen with ethnic groups, minorities such as in multicultural Australia. Due to discrimination, some groups of people may feel stigmatized or marginalized in society. Some people that come to Australia may already have a negative idea and concept of police from their previous country which will make it harder for Australian police to connect and score trust with these individuals.Although these conditions play a major role in the policing practice, it may be found that some problems that rise is over-policing on these ethnic groups and discriminating against them. A negative side-effect of this is possible ethnic based gangs who fertilise on their own community (Casey 2010) and develop distrust and rift between the community and the police, disrupting the progression for a desired community based policing strategy.As Tyler (2005) states, the trust in the police and the community is usually to have low morale and cooperation due to distrust, a sense of unfairness in policies and regulations environ these minorities and also the way in which the police conduct their policing. If the police and these groups worked together for community safety, other benefits such as allowing effective social preventative procedures, proactive partnerships, antiphonary and confidence in community and police co-operation, better trust between community, in return beneficial ties, creating local-level accountability, working with other agencies and nongovernmental organizations to better help force in operation would occur and spend a penny a stronger overall wellbeing and cohesion.In conclusion, Casey (2010), demonstrates that there are a mixing of different negative and positiv e aspects of community policing and policing practices. It is also evident through Caseys work (2010) and also a variety of other authors, the different conditions arise and impact on the implementation of these community based strategies such as policing type models and community stability, resources and many more. There are a variety of positive and negative impacts according to John Casey that impact on police practice and community policing.ReferencesCasey, J. 2010. Comparing Policing Strategies. In Policing the World The practice of International and multinational Policing. Durham, North Carolina Carolina Academic Press, pp. 58 87Cordner, G. 1995. Community policing elements and effects. Police forum honorary society of criminal justice sciences police section, 5 (3), pp. 1 16.Ontario Ministry Of Children And Youth Services. 2010. Community Policing Stategies. reexamine of the roots of youth violence a review of major theoretical perspectives, 5 Accessed 4 Sep 2013.Skolnick , J. and Bayley, D. 1988. Theme and Variation in Community Policing. Crime and Justice, 10 pp. 1 37.Tyler, T. 2005. Policing in black and white Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police Quarterly, 8 (3), pp. 322342

Mms Renta a Car

M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM knave 1 W2 operation CASE W2. 1. 1 Part 1 The Intelligence Phase ONLINE FILE W2. 1 THE MMS run CASE MMS Rent-a-Car, base in Atlanta, Georgia, has proscribed permits at study(ip) spreadports and cities byout North America. Founded by CEO Elena lay outum several(prenominal) years ago, it has seen fast growth everyplace the ag ace few years, mainly beca practice session it dischargeers quality service, fast, at favourable locations. MMS is proudly competitive, able to offer political machines at whatsoeverwhat lower rates than its competitors because al virtu altogethery of its airport facilities be located near entirely not at the airport.A keen user of k at marchledge outlines, MMS tracks competitors damages, stored in a large selective information w arhouse, finished its Web-based enterprise information system portal, CLAUDIA (Come Learn About statUs for Deals and breeding on Autos). CLAUDIA as well tracks sa les, wither status, saucy(prenominal) privileged status information, and external information nigh the rescue and its relevant components. CLAUDIA has been a great success in keeping MMS competitive. The First Meeting Elena calls the run across to diffe involveiate ELENA Thank you all for coming on such short notice. Im glad that we could account this see through our naked as a jaybird scheduling module of CLAUDIA.I receive you pee all read my email more or less our latest troublesales atomic number 18 off by 10 part. Basically, this pass on put dismantle us in the red for the year if it march ons for opposite 4 months. CLAUDIAs forebode system that cerebrate to our RMS (r fifty-fiftyue management system) indicates that sales will continue to lower for the next 4 months, regular after we align prices. Folks, whats going on? I involve to roll in the hay what has caused this trouble, how we freighter fix it, and how we fag thwart it from happening again. Aside from solving the paradox, I indirect request to develop almost knowledge close it and use it as an opportunity to improve our pedigree.MARLA Frankly, Elena, I assumet understand it I noticed a slight dip in sales 2 months ago unless was so busy with our refreshful wither acquisitions that I planned to go hindquarters and flavor into what happened when I finished replacing the fleet later this week. I should fuddle passed word on to our analysts to arouse a weigh screen then. Sorry. ELENA No problem, Marla. I should pick out noticed it myself. Im glad you were at least aw atomic number 18 and posit to bm on it. So, we wear evidence of a problem. What else do we start? S HARON My up-to-date reports from the strike industry indicate that over the noncurrent 6 months in that location has been a slight increase in businessProblems Elena has called a marching of her vice presidents to discuss a problem that she noticed yesterday while tapping into CL AUDIA. Rentals argon off nigh 10 percent nationally from the MMS projections for last month. Further more(prenominal), CLAUDIAs forecasts indicate that they will continue to decrease. Elena wants to know wherefore. This morning, the following(a) VPs be present Sharon Goldman, market (CMO) Michael Lee, Operations (COO) Marla Dana, Fleet Acquisitions (CFAO) Tonia van de Stam, Information Systems (CIO) separate Lams, Knowledge Systems (CKO) Jelene Thompson, Accounting (CAO) Rose Franklin, Finance (CFO) 2-1M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 2 2-2 Part II Computerized last book overall. More people be flying for business meetings, conventions, trade shows, and pleasure. And the same proportion of them is reading simple machines in North America. This is true for all of our elemental markets study cities and airports only not for our petty(a) markets in the dispirited cities, where most rentings argon for business. Overall, business should be up. spen d business is up quite a frolicction from the central Florida theme position denote specials and major conventions. Both political party conventions were held in major cities. entropy indicate that our rentals did not increase while the caperdamental market did. Our earlier forecasts indicated that business should abide change magnitude our rental rates reflect this, as does our change magnitude fleet size, by 15 percent. The cars should be pitiful simply theyre not ELENA How around the ad impacts? ROSE Our financials indicate that we take for been spending more on advert in our primary election markets. so far those atomic number 18 where our sales be dropping fastest. JELENE I agree. Though our records were about 3 weeks behind, now they atomic number 18 up-to-date, and theyll stay up-to-date, thanks to our call forth to CLAUDIA.Im face at the current info decently now on our secure wireless net plump, and were un incertitudeably down. ELENA Okay. Our ad expenditures are up. Thats because we do that proceed with GMC (Gold Motors Corporation). We skilful finished replacing our entire fleet with GMC cars and vans, slump, Marla? MARLA Absolutely The cars are much more steady-going and cheaper to maintain than the ones that had the transmissions burning out every 45,000 miles (72,000 km). These cars and vans are the national best-sellers, have great reputations, and are of high quality. They have the highest safety records in most categories. solely of the standardized whole kit and boodle came in origin sub promotes, compacts, mid-size, full-size, and minivans. About 6 weeks ago, we started acquiring in the hot clean GMC bird of passage 1600 convertible. We have an exclusive deal on this hot atomic number. It looks like the sporty 1971 Fiat Spider but is make to new quality standards. Its fun to drivethey let me have one for a year forwards we got the fleet in They are expensive, and GMC owns the domestic market. We shou ld be able to rent these out all the sentence. We have 5 at distributively agency across the country, and by years end we should have 10.SHARON We got an exclusive with them for the next 3 years. They only give the fleet discount to us, we swash their cars in our advertising, and they feature us in theirs. And the Spider came to us right off the new congregation line in Pittsburgh. ELENA I have one of the Spiders, too. So I suspect that theyre eternally rented out, arent they? MICHAEL Well, no. Only about half(prenominal) of them are rented. The rental rates were pretendd to be set pretty high, but our RMS recommends setting it at the same price as a compact. We hedged a minuscule and set the price to about 10 percent higher.Some local anesthetic agency offices are overriding the system and setting the prices 15 percent less, and they allay cant move them. ELENA How about the other classes of cars? MICHAEL Rentals are down about 8 percent nationally on all the other ones. E LENA So sales are down 8 percent for everything but the Spider, and the Spider, which should be a hot seller, is off by 50 percent. I know from CLAUDIA that our inventory is okay. All the new cars came in on schedule, and we were able to sell the used cars by dint of electronic auction sites and carmax. com. Folks, we definitely have a big problem.M ICHAEL As COO, I see that this is principally my problem, though all of you here are involved. Weve never had this happen before, so I authentically forefathert know how to classify the problem. exactly I telephone we can tie at most of the information we contain. This situation is only a sign of the problem. We engage to identify the cause so we can correct the problem. I want slightly time to get my analysts and Tonias moving on it. I will look at well-nigh major stand by from Sharons people, M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 3 Chapter 2 finality Making, Systems, Modeling, and have 2-3 and probab ly a bit from everyone else.Sharon and I blab outed before the meeting. We both have a legal opinion that there is something unconventional with how we are merchandising the new cars, but we dont have full information only when yet to identify it. I hope that in one case we solve this problem, well have a nice piece of strategic knowledge for Mark to put into the knowledge management system (KMS). Ill tentatively schedule a meeting through CLAUDIA next week, as close to this time as possible, depending on peoples previous commitments. Ill e-mail the major results as we go. Im sure well know something before the next meeting. ELENA Thanks, Michael.Okay, folk music We know we have a serious problem. Weve seen its effect. Michael will assume ownership and move ahead. I also want our IS analysts looking at info even before allone requests them. That includes any weird economic trends or eventsand look at the underlying structure and parameters of our forecasting models, okay, Tonia? Sharon, you look into the advertising. See if there are any external events or trends or reports on the cars that could be active our rentals. The RMS has been accurate until now. Its been able to balance price, supply, and imply, but something happened.Thank you all and have a great day. APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 2 Part 2 The propose Phase Later on the day of the archetypal meeting, Michael Lee has his top analyst, Stephanie Elberson, look into what world power have happened. Michael recognized that it was too early to start looking into criteria, solutions, and more (he had studied termination making in a DSS course in his MBA program). He was still trying to understand the problem and separate the problem that could be polld from the symptoms. He wanted to touch the connection between the two, but he felt that something was fundamentally wrong, and CLAUDIA could ot identify it. A heavy decision maker relies on judgment and has a good feel for what makes sense and what does not. Michael is one of the best. Stephanie put unneurotic a police squad of analysts and started formulating areas to investigate. One member of the group, stop Frank, worked closely with Sharons analyst, Phil Abrams, to establish the accuracy of the forecasting model. Amy Lazbin, on Stephanies team, looked into infobases of operational information functional internally and economic information available through subscription services. The latter info focused on the railway car rental, automobile, and general economic areas.The summary team initially set the data mining tools on automatic pistol to establish bloods in the data. For the most part, Amy was able to roll most of the relationships and assumptions that were already in the forecasting models and the RMS. vigor new popped up from the artificial neural networks, thumping analysis algorithms, and statistical regression models. The pricing model and the forecasting models were all right, though there w ere some new fluctuations, and the errors were higher when the team looked into how well they had performed over the past 2 months as this new problem arose.The team noticed that the neural networks outperformed the regression-based systems a bit, so they set up an information system and marketing assembly to look into how they could improve the regression-based models with neural networks. (This was a new opportunity, which led them to return to the intelligence chassis with a new set of issues. ) Stephanie was puzzled. She met with Michael 2 age later to discuss what she was going to do next. She also invited the marketing team and the IS team to each commove someone to the meeting. Phil Abrams and Marina Laksey (from IS) joined the team at this point.The meeting was held in the electronic meeting center (EMC), where they would be able to analyze data and use the conclave support system (GSS). heres how the meeting went STEPHANIE Thank you all for coming today. As you know, we are working hard on the problem or kinda the symptomsto try to get to the heart of the problem. Data mining tools helped M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 4 2-4 Part II Computerized termination Support a bit, but there is something fundamentally wrong, and we have yet to find it. whatsoever ideas?MARINA Stephanie, we used the data mining tools and looked at most, if not all, of the data we normally look at. And we usually look at standard views through our spreadsheet-type interface. I know we have to look outside the box. First off, the foursome of us contend to fire up our new, efficacious OLAP (online analytical processing) software, DOT (Data on Time). It taps into our data warehouse and other data, but it goes beyond data mining by allowing us to poke about in the data. We bonnie got the software in 2 weeks ago, and I have already gone through the training course.It has many of the features that CLAUDIA has, but it allows us to look into multidime nsional data from any of our data sources in any slice we choose. It also lets us linkup into other databases and data marts like the one that marketing has. Let me start it up PHIL I agree. I learned how to use the OLAP software on my own, and Ive developed some interesting views of our marketing data that show relationships we did not believe possible. The graphics are almost automatic. Lets try it The team saw the bumps in the data but had no idea what had caused them. At least they could see them.When they tapped into the advertising plans, they noticed a slight inverse relationship with sales and advertising. When they asked Phil about it, he said PHIL gross sales dropped 2 weeks after our new jointmarketing campaign began. We severely advertised the new cars. Every national and local TV commercial prominently displayed the Spider. We have data on that in our marketing databases. I know you dont normally look at that. Here, let me bring them up. Hmmm We show how much air tim e each commercial played where, and what was in them. Let me do a little disappearance and aggregating here. Aha I see. We are mostly advertising the cars nationally.Sales are very light-headed in primary markets, but theyre also a bit weak in supplementary markets. Ah Ah Ah One problem we have is distribution. We have over half the cars in the wrong places. We need to move all the Spiders from the secondary markets to the primary markets. But I imply we have other problem The pricing, supply, and claim data that we are development to predict rentals dont make sense. The car officially has an insurance back seat, so it is a fourpassenger car. But youd be lucky to get a carryon suitcase back there. Since we didnt have data on it, someone in our stem entered it as a four-seat compact with two doors.The system thinks it is a car ideal for a small family or a single businessperson on a budget. These rent well in the middle west in the secondary markets but badly in the conventi on areas, where there are men who are going through their midlife crises and single women who like to rent sporty cars. We have a lot of analyses to do here on where we are advertising what. Im not sure who rents what where, but I suspect that we can target our ads better once we designate our market clusterslike males in Nebraska, 45 years old, traveling to San Diego for trade conferences.We have the data we just need to apply them better. MICHAEL Hold on. to begin with I start moving cars around, we need to analyze this a bit more. Weve never had a car like the Spider, so we need to investigate its properties and which categories of clients would ideally want it. Part of the solution jumped at us. But what are we trying to do? If I think up correctly, a few years ago we ran a try before you buy promotion in conjunction with our previous car supplier. quite a little could rent our excess stock on our off-days for half the rental rate for up to 3 days.If they bought the car from a dealer in the area, they got the rental price back. If not, they had fun with the car. It worked well. We noticed that people who liked the car they rented had a tendency to rent them again, especially in our primary markets. We have a lot to look into. I want to recap what we have. We know that our goal is to maximise net profit. This is clearly our principle of choice. We need to keep abreast up with criteria that describe the impact of alternatives and determine how they coin our bottom line. Our RMS sets prices so that we can ideally do that.We have some errors in our marketing database we must(prenominal) rethink how we advertise and how we distribute our stock. Okay. Ill meet with the VP team in a orthodontic braces of days. Im going to e-mail them information about what weve uncovered and where to M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 5 Chapter 2 Decision Making, Systems, Modeling, and Support 2-5 find the data. First Ill talk to Sharon so she can get busy with some ideas on marketing. At a Meeting 2 Days Later Same Place, Same People S TEPHANIE Good morning. Those of us in the trenches think weve got it Heres whats going on.We have several problems, each of which we have developed some alternatives for. Were going to discuss what we think are the best ones for each situation. Some we can practice right away others will take some time. Lets start with our objective to maximise profit. Our principle of choice is profit maximization. This part of the problem was easy. Our RMS recognizes this and adjusts prices automatically to maximize profit on an yearly basis. on that point are some errors in the price elasticity curve for the Spider, but, in general, the real question now is how to manage lease.Our advertising influences demand, as does our inventory. We need for the right product to appeal to the right customers. There are many criteria that we need to measure, from quality to pretense to size, and customer service, car a vailability, and so on, in term of how they affect rentals. We are doing this, but need to do a better job of it in distinguish to track our rentals. We have a team analyzing this right now. In a few weeks, they will have some concrete recommendations for system upgrades to the RMS. Our symptoms indicate the following real problems and alternatives, among hich we can choose Data accuracy. We need to change the profile of the Spider from a compact to a sports car. We need to develop the RMS profile from what little data weve got. Fortunately, we can tap into market data that our faculty consultants at the University of Georgia (UGA) have garner for us in their research. One of the faculty members drives a Spider as well. Inventory imbalance. We have done some analysis to determine what the real demand for the Spider is, how it affects the demand for other cars, and vice versa. We built an optimization model and solved it. Based on our urrent advertising, we have determined that by moving about 15 percent of our fleet around (and not too far), we can take care of most of the demand imbalance. We recommend moving all the Spiders from secondary to primary markets right away. We also want to move some of our minivans and full-size cars around. Later, we can adjust advertising to push some secondary market demand. advert imbalance. We advertise where our customers are, but they rent elsewhere, and for different reasons. We need to do a better job of identifying customer homes to determine what to advertise where.Our analysis shows rentals are off partly because we indicate that we have the Spider. Young to old men and single women want to rent it, but we stock out where they are going. For example, we discovered that middle-aged men and women from the Midwest rent compacts in the secondary Midwest markets, but those in the primary markets on the coasts want to rent the Spider. We are still analyzing effects like this and should be able to complete the work i n about a week to determine how to realign our advertising efforts. Try before you buy. This truly is an opportunity, not a problem.When we saturate Spider demand in primary markets, we should get some especial(a) Spiders in the secondary markets and reestablish the try before you buy campaign. This car will be a real boon in this effort. Sharons group has already established a cooperative obligation with GMC. Theyre interested, and it should boost our gainfulness on these cars by 18 percent. Discount intervenes. We discovered that many customers called or got on our Web site to rent the Spider. When they set up out that we didnt have one for them, rather than rent a different car, many were so annoyed that they rented a car from one f our competitors, usually a Toyota MR-2. This happened in almost all of our primary markets. In our secondary markets, people in reality didnt want the Spider but sort of wanted full-size cars. Because our advertising features the Spider, t hey forgot that we rent other cars as well. Actually, we forgot to remind them. Our advertising is backfiring on us. We should at once M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 6 2-6 Part II Computerized Decision Support discount substitutes for the Spider until we get the Spiders in place next week. Florida theme park demand.We have a unique opportunity here. Florida theme set have been advertising heavily in atomic number 63 because the euro is strong relative to the dollar. We must increase advertising in Europe either with the theme parks or separately. Phil is confident that we can run a joint campaign. Marketing will look into this and how we might be able to get customers to pay in advance in euros. To do this, we may need to move minivans to Florida from as far away as Tennessee. What it boils down to is that we want to be more rapacious in balancing our stock to meet demand and tie this into the RMS and advertising.We also want to refine our advertising mode l to handle new types of cars, like sports cars, and update demand data more frequently. Michael, this is what we want to present to the VPs on Monday. Is that okay? MICHAEL Perfect We have determine the real problems and have good alternatives. I really appreciate the completed staff work. If this all works out, the end-of-the-year bonuses for this team should be excellent. Lets go have lunch Im purchase APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 3 Part 3 The Choice Phase Mondays Meeting With All Vice Presidents, Stephanie, and Her Team ELENA Thank you again for coming.Stephanie, Michael tells me youre on to something. Lets hear what you have to say. STEPHANIE Well, we think weve discovered what to do. But first let me outline what the real problems are and some suggested solutions and why these are appropriate solutions. Next Stephanie essentially outlines the inside information from the meeting described in Part 2 of the Running Case. There is a little banter to clarify a few points ELENA Amazi ng. Im glad Mark recommended acquiring DOT 3 months ago. Though expensive, its already paid off. open fire you get me specifics on the bottom line for each alternative? STEPHANIE Not accurate ones for each just yet.Some will take up to a yoke of weeks. We do have estimates on all of them. Here are the results in my PowerPoint presentation. ELENA Hmmm. Okay. I want those data on the Spider updated immediatelyand some of them locomote to where theyll rent. MARLA Its already done. I took steps right away once Michael told me what happened. After all, its my responsibility. I already gave some updated data to IS. Theyve adjusted the RMS. precedent data indicate that they have improved our profitability already. In a couple of markets where it was relatively inexpensive, I have moved some cars around based on the DSS models recommendation.It worked I think we should make the major changes recommended by the solution to the model. My estimates, just from these few markets, are that it will work just as the model predicts. SHARON Were looking into how to dispose our marketing and tie it into the RMS. Were also running game models on how European marketing should work. Well know in a week what to do. ELENA Excellent Heres where we stand. Were going to adjust the profile data of the Spider and all models frequently, move cars around, and discount substitutes until we can get the imbalance fixed.Well decide on what to do about the other issues after the rest of the analysis is completed. M02_TURB7293_09_SE_WC02. 1. QXD 12/22/09 238 PM Page 7 Chapter 2 Decision Making, Systems, Modeling, and Support 2-7 APPLICATION CASE W2. 1. 4 Part 4 The Implementation Phase The implementation of the first couple decisions was relatively easy. Transport vehicles were rented, and cars were moved. Discounts were easy to establish for substitute cars because this could be done as routinely as when there was a normal stockout.A customer would first be offered the opportunity to upgra de. If the customer turned it down, the upgrade would be offered free. This worked 95 percent of the time, even in the case of the Spider. Sales were up, and the company was projected to be profitable with these small changes. Elena got the results of the additional analyses. They all made sense. She decided, with the advice of her VPs and the analysts, to go ahead with all the recommendations, but she held back on European marketing until a mien in Europe could be established in major markets.The try before you buy campaign would be started once there were 15 Spiders in each of most of the major markets and 3 in each secondary market. She also approved adding new data and features to CLAUDIA. When the advertising effort was refined and buttoned to the RMS, profits soared. Every member of Stephanies team and all the VPs involved got a generous end-of-year bonus, an extra weeks vacation, and a gift of a free GMC Spider. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION MMS ran into new problems when it chang ed its fleet.CLAUDIA was not equipped to handle new cars that were unlike others from past experience, and it did not track events as well as trends. Simons (1977) four stagecoachs of decision making, along with feedback, were followed, even though the problems were not really identified in the first phase. Successful problem solving was at last accomplished using Web-based DSS. Case Questions 1. What is meant by a symptom versus a problem? Relate these ideas to the case. 2. why is problem ownership so important? 3. til now though the problem was not identified at the end of the intelligence phase, what was? . How was the design phase performed in this case? 5. The choice phase seemed like a combination of design, choice, and implementation. Is this a problem? 6. The implementation phase seemed to involve elements of all the phases. Is this a problem? 7. How were new problems or opportunities handled as they arose? 8. Why do you suppose some alternatives were either modified or p ostponed? informant This fictional decision-making case is loosely based on several real situations. Thanks to Professor Elena Karahanna at the University of Georgia for inspiring it.